The first comprehensive lifecycle inventory lci for biodiesel produced in the united states from soybean oil was completed by sheehan et al. The study also provides an outlook of possible future plant. Energy analysis, data and reports department of energy. Bioenergy life cycle analysis research excellence marei. Fuel life cycle analysis lca is a technique that allows you to quantify the potential impacts to the environment from all aspects of a fuels life. Life cycle analysis lca is a tool used to account for inputs and outputs to complex systems. The raw material and energy datasets provided by gabi are based on current technologies. A life cycle assessment of biomethane production from waste feedstock through different upgrading technologies article pdf available in energies. To best determine their utilization, many practitioners turn to lifecycle assessment lca to ascertain the environmental footprint. Therefore, collection of all the required data for life cycle assessment lca for a. Life cycle assessment lca is an internationally accepted tool used in the. The lca modelling has been carried out in the gabi 7. In each process, the characterisation of the input feedstock material into biochemical, physical, chemical and nutritional properties is taken into consideration in.
Life cycle analysis lca is a comprehensive form of analysis that utilizes the principles of life cycle assessment, life cycle cost analysis, and various other methods to evaluate the environmental, economic, and social attributes of energy systems ranging from the extraction of raw materials from the ground to the use of the energy carrier to perform work commonly referred to as the life. For example, it measures impact from raw material extraction to materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling. Greet bioenergy life cycle analysis and key issues for. Life cycle assessment of a biomass gasification combined.
Sustainability and life cycle assessment evaluation techniques such as life cycle assessment energy and greenhouse gas analysis and costbenefit analysis, address the sustainability and economical viability of a full scale biomethane system. From such predictions, it is possible to predict the impacts. A methodology for integrating the biomass balance approach into. For instance, in the case of a manufactured product, environmental impacts are assessed from raw material extraction and processing cradle. This study modelled two such integrated process designs for ethanol from logging residues from spruce production, and compared it to an offsite case based on existing data regarding purchased enzymes.
Lifecycle assessment of local feedstock supply scenarios to. Life cycle assessment lca is a methodology to evaluate environmental impacts of products and processes taking into account their entire life cycles. A processoriented lifecycle assessment lca model for. Life cycle assessment of polyols for polyurethane production using co 2 as feedstock. Grand challenges for lifecycle assessment of biofuels. Life cycle assessment of biobased ethanol produced. Net energy metrics, however, have been criticized because. This webinar will provide introductory background on life cycle assessment lca, which is the evaluation of environmental impacts from a product, service or good. Department of energys biomass program has begun an initiative to obtain consistent quantitative metrics for algal biofuel production to establish an integrated baseline by harmonizing and combining the programs national resource assessment ra, technoeconomic analysis tea, and lifecycle analysis lca models. Fossil fuels corn ethanol lifecycle assessment introduction ethylene, with a worldwide consumption of 3 million. A fuel pathway under biofuel regulations is a specific combination of approved feedstock, production process, and fuel type.
The decisions and assumptions made by authors of the articles and the results are analyzed and compared accordingly. A life cycle assessment of biomethane production from. Among renewable energy sources, biomass plays a key role. In this work, a life cycle assessment lca estimating greenhouse gas ghg emissions and net energy value nev of the production of gasoline and diesel from forest residues via fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing, from production of the feedstock to. Biofuels are widely touted as viable, albeit not straightforward, alternatives to petroleumderived fuels. Environmental impact categories relevant to agricultural systems include global warming. Life cycle assessment of feedstock supply systems for. Integrating enzyme fermentation in lignocellulosic ethanol. It also includes all the chemicals and energy that go into making a product, and what it takes to make those. Switchgrass as an alternate feedstock for power generation. A life cycle covers all activities from cradle to grave, i. The method of assessing lifetime building energy is known as life cycle energy analysis lcea. Life cycle assessment of feedstock supply systems for cellulosic biorefineries using corn stover transported in conventional bale and densified pellet formats. Environmental life cycle assessment handson workshop.
In this perspective, an environmental assessment, based on the life cycle assessment lca method, of different upgrading technologies is helpful to identify the environmental characteristics of biomethane and the. Embodied primary energy includes all energy, direct and indirect, used to transform or transport raw materials into products and buildings, including inherent energy contained in raw or feedstock materials that are also used as common energy sources. The objective was to assess and document lifecycle environmental impacts associated with briquetted biomass production from postharvest forest residues and the use of briquetted biomass as a solid biofuel for domestic heating. Life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste treatment to energy options.
Although parameters such as resource and land use, along with infrastructure, can be incorporated into lca algorithms, many have noted that the. Plastic solid waste psw in the context of life cycle. Greet bioenergy life cycle analysis and key issues for woody feedstocks michael wang systems assessment section. This second edition of iso 14040, together with iso 14044. Although the use of bioenergy may decrease ghg emissions, other detrimental environmental impacts, such as acidification, eutrophication, or land use change, may increase and are taken into account in the life cycle analysis. Attributional life cycle assessment alca is an increasingly popular systems approach used to quantify resource flows and environmental burdens arising over the value chain of a product or service iso, 2006a, b. Comparative farmgate life cycle assessment of oilseed feedstocks in the northern great plains this ms word document contains the oilseed feedstock farmgate model inventories, results, and uncertainty analyses for the northern great plains discussed in moeller et. Life cycle assessment of cellulosic biofuels and bioenergy. Based on the lcca results, we further conducted an economic assessment for the. Maximizing energy gain and minimizing life cycle emissions from wastes and biomass residues requires a holistic assessment of alternative energy recovery pathways. Environmental impacts of ethylene production from diverse feedstocks and energy sources. Consequential life cycle assessment of bioenergy life cycle assessment lca is a systems approach used to quantify material and energy flows, and associated environmental burdens, arising over the production, consumption and disposal or recycling of a specified quantity functional unit of product or service iso, 2006a, b. In goal and scope definition, the first step of life cycle assessment, the fundamental concepts of the study are specified klopffer and grahl, 2014.
Amos manufacturing, materials, and lifecycle energy tools use a crosssector and prospective life cycle assessment lca approach that anticipates future benefits and impacts. Towards standardization of lifecycle metrics for biofuels. Technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessment for. Using lifecycle assessment to evaluate environmental.
Environmental impacts of ethylene production from diverse. A processoriented lifecycle assessment lca model for environmental and resourcerelated technologies easetech. Participants will receive the openlca software and lca data loaded and runnable on their computer. Lifecycle analysis lca is an important tool used to assess the energy and environmental impacts of biofuels. Life cycle analysis lca is a tool used to account for inputs and. Iso 14040 was prepared by technical committee isotc 207, environmental management, subcommittee sc 5, life cycle assessment. Upgrading consists of a range of purification processes aimed at increasing the methane content of biogas to reach specifications similar to natural gas. Energy price indices and discount factors for life cycle cost analysis 2019, annual supplement to handbook 5, are embedded in the above software and available in this publication. Lifecycle assessment lca also called lifecycle analysis is a tool for examining the total environmental impact of a product through every step of its life from obtaining raw materials all the way through making it in a factory, selling it in a store, using it in the workplace or at home, and disposing of it. Phase of the life cycle assessment involving the compilation and the quantification of inputs and outputs for a product throughout its life cycle iso 14044. Pdf a life cycle assessment of biomethane production. Integrated environmental, energy, and economic lifecycle analysis fossil fuel usage is a key humanrelated factor contributing to the production of green house gases ghgs.
A life cycle model of batteries in an ev with a service life of 200 000 km functional unit was implemented to assess primary fossil energy, global warming, acidification, and. A life cycle assessment of mechanical and feedstock. The use of life cycle assessment lca as a comprehensive tool to assess. Building life cycle cost programs department of energy. These tools consider at all lifecycle phases material, manufacturing, freight and distribution, use phase, and end of life as well as evaluate the energy impacts of. Greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy balances were studied in a lifecycle assessment, and cost performance in a technoeconomic analysis.
Sustainability and life cycle assessment of feedstock. The purpose of the study was to conduct a lifecycle assessment lca to quantify and compare the environmental and energy flows associated both with biodiesel and petroleumbased diesel. The major feedstock po can be obtained by alternative production technologies. Pdf integrated cost and environmental life cycle analysis of. Simapro 7, a lca software tool, providing data for some chemicals, electricity, heat, and other processes. The analysis of this study could be extended to other lignocellulosic biomass feedstock type, especially energy crops, which have high potential in the future. As for the various life cycle stages, cultivation and feedstock processing data was obtained from literature sources covering a range of plant cultivation and geographic settings.
The life cycle efficiency of system, defined energy delivered to the grid less consumed by feedstock and transportation subsystems, divided by the energy in feedstock to power plant, is 34. In this perspective, an environmental assessment, based on the life cycle assessment lca method, of different upgrading technologies is helpful to identify the environmental characteristics of biomethane. Fuel life cycle analysis life cycle associates, llc. Lifecycle energy and climate benefits of energy recovery. A life cycle assessment of mechanical and feedstock recycling options for management of plastic packaging wastes floriana perugini department of environmental sciences, university of naples, ii via vivaldi, 4381100 caserta, italy. We used a combination of lca outputs, collected cost information for each analysis steps and scenario, created lcca spreadsheet calculation tool, calculated net present value for each analysis scenario and conducted breakeven analysis. Participants will receive a set of course notes and access to the lecture files via the internet to supplement the presentations made during the course. Conduct a life cycle assessment with commercial lca software. Assessment of lifecycle greenhouse gas ghg emissions for the fuel pathway is a necessary step to qualify for energy credit generation. Life cycle assessment also known as life cycle analysis, or cradletograve analysis is a method of assessing environmental impacts associated with all stages of a products life. Life cycle cost and economic assessment of biocharbased. Life cycle analysis lca is a comprehensive form of analysis that utilizes the principles of life cycle assessment, life cycle cost analysis, and various other methods to evaluate the environmental, economic, and social attributes of energy systems ranging from the extraction of raw materials from the ground to the use of the energy carrier to perform work commonly. Consequential life cycle assessment of biogas, biofuel and.
Life cycle analysis lca of energy technology and pathways. The majority of bioenergy life cycle analyses focus on life cycle calculation of greenhouse gases ghg emissions. The factors are calculated with the latest femp discount factors and energy price escalation rates for u. Developing an approach for the life cycle analysis of.
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